The Lord Is My Rock
1. Painted Rocks
For Memorial Day weekend, Andrew Little let Jedidiah, Elsa, and Felicity paint red crosses on several rocks. He took them to church for "a memorial" for each of their church members. He preached on Joshua leading the Israelites across the Jordan River and taking the twelve stones from the middle of the dry ground to be a memorial to their children in the years to come. He explained that each person could set the rock out where it could be seen, and use it as a memorial to tell others what the Lord did for them. Let's begin a new devotional series on, "The Lord Is My Rock" and remember some of the Bible truths about rocks and stones.
"The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower." (Psalm 18:2)
2. "What Mean Ye By These Stones?"
The stones taken from the Jordan River were for a memorial so that when the children to come asked, "What mean ye by these stones?" the people could testify what God had done for them. Do we know how to give an answer to some who asks us what salvation means? I have a shirt that reads, "I'm a Whosoever... John 3:16". Often people will stop me when I have it on and give me their testimony of salvation. A time or two someone laughed about being a "Whosoever". I should always be ready to give an answer for what God has done for me. "But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear:" (I Peter 3:15)
"1 And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,
2 Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,
3 And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests' feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this night.
4 Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:
5 And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel:
6 That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?
7 Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.
8 And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.
9 And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day." (Joshua 4:1-9)
3. Build On The Rock
We were able to take a short mini-vacation to the beach with some of our grandchildren and we had a great time. One of the things I enjoy is making sand castles with them. No matter how much time we spend or how great they look, they will eventually be washed away when the tides come in. Maggie started one above the tide line but the next day when she went to see if it lasted through the night, there were little foot prints all over the places where her castles had stood. How many times in our lives do we build our dreams on the sand, and the storms wash them away? Jesus told a parable to His followers to warn them to build on the Rock. In the story, the wind, rain, and floods came to both houses, but the house on the rock stood firm. Jesus is our Rock and we must build our lives on Him.
"21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.
22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works?
23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.
24 Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house upon a rock:
25 And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not: for it was founded upon a rock.
26 And every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, which built his house upon the sand:
27 And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall of it." (Matthew 7:21-27)
4. My Anchor Grips The Solid Rock
In 1943, during World War II, when life was so hard, Ruth Caye Jones wrote a song that Michael and I sing often. We feel like we are also living during perilous times, as Paul wrote about in II Timothy 3:1, "This know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come." It is so important that we have an anchor during these stormy times. And we need to be sure our anchor "holds and grips the Solid Rock." "Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into that within the veil;" (Hebrews 6:19) The storms of life can toss us to and fro with the tempest, but Jesus can keep us safe and secure!
In Times Like These
by Ruth Caye Jones
"In times like these, we need a Savior
In times like these, we need an anchor
Be very sure, be very sure
Your anchor holds and grips the Solid Rock
This Rock is Jesus, Yes, He's the one
This Rock is Jesus, The only One
Be very sure, be very sure
Your anchor holds and grips the Solid Rock
In times like these oh be not idle
In times like these we need the Bible
Be very sure, be very sure
Your anchor holds and grips the Solid Rock
This Rock is Jesus, Yes, He's the one
This Rock is Jesus, The only One
Be very sure, be very sure
Your anchor holds and grips the Solid Rock
In times like these, I have a Savior
In times like these, I have an anchor
I'm very sure, I'm very sure
My anchor holds and grips the Solid Rock
This Rock is Jesus, Yes, He's the one
This Rock is Jesus, The only One
I'm very sure, I'm very sure
My anchor holds and grips the Solid Rock"
5. The Solid Rock
Today we have another song about the Solid Rock. Edward Mote wrote this song around 1834. We sing this song often in church and I can remember singing this song, even as a little girl. We don't have to guess who our Rock is, for Paul tells us clearly that Christ is our Rock! As I read the words of this dear old song I am thankful that Jesus is my hope and I wholly lean on Him. I know that I can stand safe and sure on Him until He calls me up to heaven to be with Him forever!
"1 Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea;
2 And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea;
3 And did all eat the same spiritual meat;
4 And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." (I Corinthians 10:1)
The Solid Rock
My hope is built on nothing less
Than Jesus’ blood and righteousness;
I dare not trust the sweetest frame,
But wholly lean on Jesus’ name.
Refrain:
On Christ, the solid Rock, I stand;
All other ground is sinking sand,
All other ground is sinking sand.
When darkness seems to hide His face,
I rest on His unchanging grace;
In every high and stormy gale,
My anchor holds within the veil.
His oath, His covenant, His blood
Support me in the whelming flood;
When all around my soul gives way,
He then is all my hope and stay.
When He shall come with trumpet sound,
Oh, may I then in Him be found;
Dressed in His righteousness alone,
Faultless to stand before the throne.
6. "Lead Me To The Rock That Is Higher Than I"
Tuesday morning Michael had a stress test to see if the doctor could determine what has been causing the pain in his chest. Waiting for five hours in the office brought back all the memories, and emotions, that I have tried to bury deep within. My mind kept going back to the time I spent waiting back in December. After Michael's test was finally over we ate some lunch, and made a couple of stops before we made it back home. By the time we arrived home I felt like I had run smack dab into a wall. In Psalm 18 David says that by God, he leaped over a wall. And there have been a few times that I felt like God helped me leap over walls, but there are many other times when I felt like I ran into a wall. My struggles and the emotions that go with them take away my strength and I sink so low. When I finally had a chance to go to bed after our long day I felt so low that I prayed to my God, "Lead me to the rock that is higher than I." The same David who praised God for helping him run through a troop and leap over a wall, also had times when his heart was overwhelmed and he cried out to God, "Lead me to the rock that is higher than I." And that was my prayer, when my day was finally over, and I felt so low. I knew that my God could lift me up and give me the strength I needed. And that brought peace to my mind, soul, and body. We can see the contrast in these two Psalms. It is good to know that our God is with us when we are up, and also when we feel so low.
"29 For by thee I have run through a troop; and by my God have I leaped over a wall.
30 As for God, his way is perfect: the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all those that trust in him.
31 For who is God save the LORD? or who is a rock save our God?" (Psalm 18:29-31)
"1 Hear my cry, O God; attend unto my prayer.
2 From the end of the earth will I cry unto thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the rock that is higher than I.
3 For thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy.
4 I will abide in thy tabernacle for ever: I will trust in the covert of thy wings. Selah." (Psalm 61:1-4)
7. In The Cleft Of The Rock
Michael's test results did not come back good, so he has another appointment scheduled next week with another specialist. This was not the good news that we wanted to hear, but we are trusting the Lord to be with us through this next step. I thought about Moses. After the people made and worshiped the golden calf God wanted to destroy all the people, but Moses pleaded with the Lord for their lives. This was a low place in the life of Moses. Exodus 33:11 tells us, "And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend." We are so privileged to have the conversation between the Lord and Moses that followed. No matter how discouraged we may be, there is a place by our God, where we can stand upon a rock and He will hide us and protect us in the cleft of the rock. And we can be sure that His presence shall go with us, and we can go in the presence of His glory!
"12 And Moses said unto the LORD, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people: and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found grace in my sight.
13 Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people.
14 And he said, My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest.
15 And he said unto him, If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence.
16 For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight? is it not in that thou goest with us? so shall we be separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are upon the face of the earth.
17 And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name.
18 And he said, I beseech thee, shew me thy glory.
19 And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy.
20 And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.
21 And the LORD said, Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock:
22 And it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a clift of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by:
23 And I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen." (Exodus 33:12-23)
8. Rock Of Ages
I enjoy researching the history of some of our wonderful old hymns. The following paragraph was taken from a website by The Tabernacle Choir, titled, The Story Behind the Hymn “Rock of Ages.”
The words found in our hymnal at church have changed a little from the original words found online, but the message is still the same. This hymn was written with a very personal message of salvation using pronouns "me" and "My" and "I". Salvation is an individual decision and I hope that you know Jesus and have trusted Him to be your own "Rock of Ages." "O come, let us sing unto the LORD: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation." (Psalm 95:1)
"Legend says that Toplady wrote the hymn during a stormy incident in England. While traveling along the gorge in Burrington Combe, he was caught in a fierce storm and took shelter in a gap in the gorge, where he wrote the original lyrics. Some disagree on whether the event actually occurred; nevertheless, the rock is now marked with a plaque that reads: “Rock of Ages: This rock derives its name from the well known hymn written about 1762 by the Rev A M Toplady who was inspired whilst sheltering in this cleft during a storm.”
Rock Of Ages
Rock of Ages, cleft for me,
Let me hide myself in Thee;
Let the water and the blood,
From Thy wounded side which flowed,
Be of sin the double cure,
Save from wrath and make me pure.
Could my tears forever flow?
Could my zeal no languor know?
These for sin could not atone;
Thou must save, and Thou alone.
In my hand no price I bring;
Simply to thy cross I cling.
While I draw this fleeting breath,
When my eyes shall close in death,
When I rise to worlds unknown,
And behold Thee on Thy throne,
Rock of Ages, cleft for me,
Let me hide myself in Thee.
9. The Lord Is My Rock And Deliverer
We opened these devotions with Psalm 18:2, "The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower." We looked at the stones moved out of the Jordan River to be a memorial of God's deliverance. Today we see David's praise for God being His Rock and deliverer. I can look back over my life and remember times when I was in trouble and the Lord delivered me. There have been times when I almost fell and I felt God giving me my balance and setting my feet solid on the Rock, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. There have been many times when I prayed the prayer taught by Jesus. "And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen." (Matthew 7:13) God is able to deliver us from evil, even when we don't know the evil that lurks around us. The Lord is MY Rock and MY Deliverer!
"1 And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:
2 And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer;
3 The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence.
4 I will call on the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies.
7 In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, and my cry did enter into his ears.
8 Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth." (II Samuel 22:1-8)
10. Our Rock Gives Us Living Water
What are you thirsting for? When the Children of Israel left Egypt and went into the wilderness they didn't have water, but God supplied. "And the LORD said unto Moses, Go on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thine hand, and go. Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel." (Exodus 17:5-6) Paul tells us that Rock was Christ. "And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." (I Corinthians 10:4) Jesus had a need to go through Samaria to give the woman at the well living water. Christ also gives us that same spiritual water when we put our trust in Him.
"4 And he must needs go through Samaria.
5 Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph.
6 Now Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour.
7 There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: Jesus saith unto her, Give me to drink.
8 (For his disciples were gone away unto the city to buy meat.)
9 Then saith the woman of Samaria unto him, How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a woman of Samaria? for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans.
10 Jesus answered and said unto her, If thou knewest the gift of God, and who it is that saith to thee, Give me to drink; thou wouldest have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water.
11 The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou that living water?
12 Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and drank thereof himself, and his children, and his cattle?
13 Jesus answered and said unto her, Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again:
14 But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life." (John 4:4-14)
11. God Can Revive The Stones
I enjoy reading the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. The remnant of Jews left captivity and went back to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple, and the wall about the city. Even with the ridicule, opposition and threats, they kept on until they finished the work. This is the story of our verse today. The scriptures follow, but the part I am interested in in Nehemiah 4:2, "... will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned?" They could and they did! And I am here to tell you today that God is not limited with what He has to work with. God picked me up out of the rubbish of sin, and when He saved me, He cleaned me up, and gave me clothes of righteousness. This verse reminds me of Ezekiel 37:3-5, "And he said unto me, Son of man, can these bones live? And I answered, O Lord GOD, thou knowest. Again he said unto me, Prophesy upon these bones, and say unto them, O ye dry bones, hear the word of the LORD. Thus saith the Lord GOD unto these bones; Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and ye shall live:" God can take our dry bones and breathe into us the breath of life, and we can live for Him!
"1 But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews.
2 And he spake before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said, What do these feeble Jews? will they fortify themselves? will they sacrifice? will they make an end in a day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned?
3 Now Tobiah the Ammonite was by him, and he said, Even that which they build, if a fox go up, he shall even break down their stone wall.
4 Hear, O our God; for we are despised: and turn their reproach upon their own head, and give them for a prey in the land of captivity:
5 And cover not their iniquity, and let not their sin be blotted out from before thee: for they have provoked thee to anger before the builders.
6 So built we the wall; and all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work." (Nehemiah 4:1-6)
12. God Can Use Little Stones
My grandparents lived in a very old house. One of the grave stones behind the house had been engraved 1817. When I was much younger, Grandma told me that she had known someone who was born in the house and would have been a hundred years old. That was long ago, and the years have continued to pass. The house has large stones for the foundation, and it has held up all these years. We see pictures of other old structures that used very large stones. When we think of useful stones, we often think of these large stones. We are not all big stones in the eyes of others, but we can still be useful. David went to the brook and took out five smooth stones. These were small little stones, that had apparently been transformed by the years of pressure from the water, tossing them back and forth in the brook. Nobody would have thought that God could use such a small, worn down, stone, but God used them mightily in the hands of one who trusted in Him. "And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine." (I Samuel 17:40) We may feel small. We may be worn from the struggles of life. But, our God can reach down and choose us, and use us, and we can be profitable servants for Him.
13. Precious Stones
(Before we begin our devotional I want to thank you for all the prayers for Michael. The results from his stress test were not good and we met with another doctor on Monday. Michael was given three options. We were told that exercise, such as walking, would send more blood through his heart and, in time, would help with the healing process. This seems like a better option than another surgery or attempt at a stint, so we are walking in the mornings before it gets too hot, and praying that God will help him with the pain he is having. Again, we appreciate all your prayers!)
Yesterday we talked about large stones and small stones. We think of large stones for foundations. When we think of small stones we also think of precious stones. God gave Moses instructions for the priests' garments and precious stones were used to represent the twelve tribes of Israel. It must have been beautiful! When we come to the book of Revelation we see more precious stones. They decorate the foundations of the wall of the New Jerusalem coming down from heaven. What a beautiful sight it must be!
"17 And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.
18 And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.
19 And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.
20 And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings." (Exodus 28:17-20)
"18 And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto clear glass.
19 And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald;
20 The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst.
21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; every several gate was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass.
22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it." (Revelation 21:18)
14. Hard Headed
Has anyone ever told you that you were "hard headed"? Or maybe said that your head was as hard as a rock? They may mean that you are stubborn or head strong, or set in your ways. That's not always a bad thing. There are times that we need to be sure of what we believe and unchanging. We read in Luke 9:51, "And it came to pass, when the time was come that he should be received up, he stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem," Preachers have often used the prophecy from Isaiah 50:6-7 when preaching from this scripture. "I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting. For the Lord GOD will help me; therefore shall I not be confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that I shall not be ashamed." God told Ezekiel that He had made his forehead harder than flint.
"7 But the house of Israel will not hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto me: for all the house of Israel are impudent and hardhearted.
8 Behold, I have made thy face strong against their faces, and thy forehead strong against their foreheads.
9 As an adamant harder than flint have I made thy forehead: fear them not, neither be dismayed at their looks, though they be a rebellious house." (Ezekiel 3:7-9)
When it comes to God's Word we must be obstinate and unchanging. There is only one God! You must believe on Jesus Christ to be saved and have eternal life in heaven! We must be hard headed in following Jesus. People refer to Thomas as "doubting Thomas" but look at this example when Jesus was going to go to Judaea. Thomas made his decision to go with Jesus, even if it meant dying. "Let us also go, that we may die with him." Now is not the time to waver. Know what you believe and be strong.
"7 Then after that saith he to his disciples, Let us go into Judaea again.
8 His disciples say unto him, Master, the Jews of late sought to stone thee; and goest thou thither again?
9 Jesus answered, Are there not twelve hours in the day? If any man walk in the day, he stumbleth not, because he seeth the light of this world.
10 But if a man walk in the night, he stumbleth, because there is no light in him.
11 These things said he: and after that he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep.
12 Then said his disciples, Lord, if he sleep, he shall do well.
13 Howbeit Jesus spake of his death: but they thought that he had spoken of taking of rest in sleep.
14 Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead.
15 And I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, to the intent ye may believe; nevertheless let us go unto him.
16 Then said Thomas, which is called Didymus, unto his fellowdisciples, Let us also go, that we may die with him." (John 11:7-16)
15. Jesus Is The Corner Stone
Now we have concrete and cement blocks for building foundations, but in times past the corner stone was the most important part of the foundation. It had to be sure, and strong enough to support the whole building. It had to withstand the storms. We all have storms we are facing but we don't have to be afraid because Jesus is our Corner stone. He is a sure and steadfast foundation. We can build our lives on Him and know that we are safe and secure. It was prophesied in Isaiah, and confirmed by Peter and Paul. Jesus is our Corner Stone!
"Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste." (Isaiah 28:16)
"4 To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious,
5 Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.
6 Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded.
7 Unto you therefore which believe he is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner,
8 And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed." (I Peter 2:4-8)
"18 For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.
19 Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God;
20 And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone;
21 In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord:
22 In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit." (Ephesians 2:18-22)
